This article examines the theoretical issues of mastering a language, bot native and foreign. General definitions of language as a system of signs and as a means of communication are given. Scientists have long been studying the issue of a person's mastery of their native language and the relationship of native language proficiency with its social status, as well as the influence of the level of knowledge of the native language on the study of foreign languages. In the study of a foreign language, the individual characteristics of the student, his social circle, age, motivation, gender, and perception characteristics play an important role. Foreign language didactics reveals the patterns of mastering a foreign language, improves methods and organizational forms of education.

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